What are the main components used in the network reconnaissance PowerShell script provided as an example?

The correct answer focuses on the key elements essential for conducting network reconnaissance using a PowerShell script. In the context of network reconnaissance, identifying IP addresses and a list of ports is fundamental because these elements allow an ethical hacker or security professional to map out the network's structure and understand which services are running on which devices. This information is crucial for identifying vulnerabilities and potential entry points for a penetration test.

By collecting IP addresses, the script can identify the active hosts in the network. The list of ports is equally important because it specifies which services these hosts are running. Each port corresponds to a different service (like HTTP on port 80, HTTPS on port 443, etc.), and knowing which ports are open helps assess the security posture of the network.

Other options such as file names and extensions, server names and configurations, or user permissions and access rights serve different purposes in a security assessment. While they may be relevant in specific contexts or further stages of an assessment, they do not directly relate to the fundamental components of reconnaissance as effectively as IP addresses and port lists do. This understanding is crucial for anyone preparing for penetration testing and security assessments.