What type of actions might recommendations involve after a PenTest?

Recommendations following a penetration test (PenTest) typically focus on addressing identified vulnerabilities and strengthening overall security posture. The correct answer involves applying patches and enhancing security controls, which directly relates to the primary goal of a PenTest—identifying vulnerabilities and weaknesses in a system. After such an assessment, it is crucial to remediate the findings by applying updates and patches to software, configuring security settings correctly, and implementing additional security measures such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, or security policies.

The focus on technical remediation, such as patching vulnerabilities, is essential for protecting the organization's assets and ensuring compliance with security standards. This step not only mitigates immediate threats but also contributes to a long-term strategy for maintaining robust security.

The other options, while they may involve organizational changes or operational improvements, do not directly address the core outcome of a PenTest, which is primarily concerned with technical security assessments and remediation steps. Implementing marketing campaigns, reorganizing departments, or changing business models are not immediate responses to vulnerabilities but rather broader strategic decisions unrelated to the specific findings of a security assessment.