Which logs highlight security errors encountered during a penetration test?

Error logs are essential during a penetration test as they specifically record instances where security or operational mistakes occur within applications or systems. These logs are invaluable for identifying vulnerabilities, unexpected behavior, or failures that may affect the security posture of the system being tested.

When conducting penetration testing, testers often provoke errors intentionally to assess how the system responds and whether it exposes vulnerabilities. By analyzing these logs, security professionals can gain insights into how the system handles error conditions and determine if there are any weaknesses that could be exploited by an attacker.

In contrast, system logs provide a broader overview of system operations, audit logs keep track of what changes have been made to the system or who accessed it, and network logs focus on the traffic and protocols used across the network. While all of these log types are important in security assessments, error logs are specifically tailored to highlight issues that directly relate to security errors during a penetration test.