Which term best describes how containers achieve resource separation?

Containers achieve resource separation at the operating system level. This is key to their functionality, as containers utilize the host operating system's kernel to run multiple isolated applications on the same hardware without the need for a hypervisor.

Unlike virtual machines that require their own operating system and resources, containers share the operating system kernel, which allows them to be lightweight and efficient, consuming less memory and storage space. Each container operates in its own isolated environment, but they are still able to leverage the underlying OS resources. This design promotes better resource utilization and faster deployment times, making containers an attractive solution for many application deployment scenarios.

This method of resource separation contrasts with hypervisors, dedicated hardware, and virtual machines, which each come with their own resource overhead and complexity that containers don't have, as they are more directly integrated with the host system.